UPC-A

UPC-A (Universal Product Code) is the original 12-digit barcode standard developed in the 1970s for North American retail. Standardized under ISO/IEC 15420, it consists of a number system digit, 5-digit manufacturer code, 5-digit product code, and check digit. UPC-A forms the foundation of modern retail automation and inventory management.

Historical Significance: UPC-A revolutionized retail operations when first scanned in 1974, becoming the global standard for product identification. The systematic approach to manufacturer and product coding enables efficient supply chain management, accurate inventory tracking, and seamless point-of-sale operations across millions of retail locations.

Industry Standard: Managed by GS1 US, UPC-A codes are essential for retail distribution in North America. The format integrates with EDI systems, enables automatic reordering, and provides the foundation for retail analytics. Compatible with EAN-13 systems globally through the addition of a leading zero, ensuring international trade compatibility.